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#  DATASET_NAME: kansas.txt	
#  DATASET_DESCRIPTION:	Text file describing the analysis process, sorted by state.
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#  REPORT TITLE: 
#     Estimated Withdrawals from Stream-Valley Aquifers and Refined 
#     Estimated Withdrawals from Selected Aquifers in the United 
#     States, 2000
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#  REPORT SERIES/NUMBER: Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5003 
#  REPORT URL: URL: http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/sir/sir20085003
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#  NAWQA STUDY:	Alluvial Aquifers
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#  METADATA DATE:   August 28, 2008 
#  METADATA CONTACT: Pierre Sargent, Molly Maupin, Stephen Hinkl
#                    U.S. Geological Survey
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#                    Baton Rouge, LA 70816
#	 	     
#                    voice: 225-298-5481 x 3211
#                    fax:   225-298-5490
#                    email: psargent@usgs.gov
#
#  SECONDARY CONTACT:  Molly Maupin
#                      U.S. Geological Survey
#                      230 Collins Road
#                      Boise, ID 83702
#
#                    	voice: 208-387-1307
#                    	fax:   208-387-1372
#                    	email: mamaupin@usgs.gov
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#  TERTIARY CONTACT:   Stephen Hinkle
#                      U.S. Geological Survey
#                      2130 SW %th Ave
#                      Portland, OR 97201
#	
#                      voice: 503-251-3237
#                      fax:   503-251-3470
#                      email: srhinkle@usgs.gov
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#  METADATA Data Description:  
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#  ABSTRACT:  
#     The report authors maintained notes detailing the process that 
#     was used to do the analysis for this report. The pertinent 
#     notes were included in the appendix of the report. 
#     Some details that did not warrant publication reside 
#     in these notes. These notes are being archived in the 
#     event that they might be of use to future water-use 
#     efforts aimed at stream-valley aquifers.
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#  Basic documentation of dataset elements and history
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# Related_Spatial_and_Tabular_Data_Sets:  
#     There are related text files of notes for all 25 states/territories in this study
#     arizona.txt
#     arkansas.txt
#     colorado.txt
#     illinois.txt
#     indiana.txt
#     kansas.txt
#     kentucky.txt
#     louisiana.txt
#     missouri.txt
#     montana.txt
#     nebraska.txt
#     new_mexico.txt
#     new_york.txt
#     new_jersey.txt
#     north_dakota.txt
#     ohio.txt
#     oklahoma.txt
#     pennsylvania.txt
#     puerto_rico.txt
#     south_dakota.txt
#     tennessee.txt
#     texas.txt
#     utah.txt
#     west_virginia.txt
#     wyoming.txt
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#  METADATA Basic documentation of dataset elements:
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#     DATA DESCRIPTION: 
#         Text files describing the analysis process, one text file 
#         for each state
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#     DATA TYPES: ascii text
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#     DATA SOURCES: notes taken during data analysis and from correspondance
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#  End METADATA documentation
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Kansas

The Kansas Department of Agriculture-Division of Water Resources (DWR) requires users with water rights to report withdrawals annually in order to establish and enforce water appropriations; DWR is the source of irrigation and public supply withdrawal data that was used by the USGS for the 2000 water-use compilation effort. The Kansas Water Office (KWO) requires public-suppliers, who purchase water, to report withdrawals annually too; KWO is the source for public supply and self-supplied industrial withdrawal data that was used by the USGS in the 2000 compilation.  The USGS assists these State agencies with water-use data collection, evaluation, and publication. Together these three agencies maintain data bases with site-specific information on water use in Kansas.

In 2000 ground-water withdrawals assigned to alluvial aquifers totaled 435 Mgal/d and ground-water withdrawals assigned to other totaled 89 Mgal/d.  An analysis of water withdrawals for other determined that they  were appropriately assigned. Other ground-water withdrawals were composed of water derived from (1) various bedrock units, (2) some glacial deposits that are locally recognized but are south of the mapped extent of the Glacial Principal Aquifer, and (3) unknown. No other ground-water withdrawals could be attributed to a stream-valley aquifer.

Kansas is one of the eight States which overlies, and withdraws ground water from the High Plains Aquifer. In the western part of Kansas, alluvial aquifer deposits are indistinguishable from, and in hydraulic connection with the underlying deposits that constitute the High Plains aquifer. As a consequence withdrawals from the alluvial deposits are included with the High Plains aquifer withdrawals, due to the inability to accurately disaggregate alluvial withdrawals from withdrawals from the High Plains aquifer. This approach is the same that has been taken in the Kansas USGS District, as well as KWO and DWR, therefore no new methods or interpretations of the withdrawals from this part of the State were made.  In the eastern part of Kansas, all wells that are screened in alluvial aquifers are located in close proximity and in hydraulic connection with the near-by rivers so an appropriate stream-valley aquifer name could be assigned to these wells. (oral communication, Cristi Hansen, USGS).

Stream-valley aquifers in Kansas that are described here agree with those that are identified and described in the GW Atlas, Chapter D. They include (in order of magnitude of withdrawals) the Arkansas, Republican, Kansas, Smoky Hill, Solomon, Walnut, Big Blue, Cimmarron, Missouri, Saline, and to a lesser extent the Neosho, Virdigris and Marais des Cygnes. Assignment of ground-water withdrawals to each of these stream-valley aquifers was accomplished by using hydraulic unit code (HUC) and KWO basin information available for individual wells.  As an illustration, at the 8-digit HUC level, a well might be identified as being in the Prairie Dog basin. A review of the basin name at the 6-digit HUC level or the KWO basin name shows that withdrawals from this well should be attributed to the Republican stream-valley aquifer.

Of the 435 Mgal/d originally attributed to alluvial aquifers, 384 Mgal/d was attributed to stream-valley aquifers.  The remaining 51 Mgal/d are withdrawals that the Kansas Water Use Specialist considers to be from stream-valley aquifers north of the line of glaciation; this judgment call is based upon a solid understanding of the geology and hydrology, but for the purposes of this (stream-valley aquifer) report, withdrawals from aquifers (stream-valley aquifers or other aquifers) north of the line of glaciation are not tabulated as part of stream-valley aquifer withdrawals.  Also, some of the other withdrawals discussed above are from aquifers that that the Kansas Water Use Specialist considers to be glacial (other, glacial), but these are south of the line of glaciation and are not considered to be part of the Glacial Principal Aquifer; these other withdrawals are from glacial outwash deposits that are widely dispersed (rather than being near rivers and thus not reworked and not in short-timescale hydraulic connection with those rivers) and do not meet the definitions of stream-valley aquifers. These examples demonstrate the fact that aquifer withdrawals do not always fit into a simple classification system of principal aquifers. In the example above, the glacial principal aquifer is considered to be composed of glacial deposits north of the line of glaciation, but clearly there are places where glacial outwash deposits exist south of the line of glaciation, and these outwash deposits, although not fitting the one definition of glacial that requires the deposits to be north of the line of glaciation, also do not fit into categories such as stream-valley aquifer, and thus end up in other.
  

